Synovitis

Overview

Synovitis is the inflammation of the synovial membrane, the thin layer of tissue that lines the joints and produces synovial fluid to lubricate and nourish cartilage. This condition often leads to joint pain, swelling, and restricted movement. It can be a standalone issue or a symptom of an underlying disease like arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term joint damage.

Introduction

The joints in our body rely on synovial fluid for smooth and pain-free movement. In synovitis, inflammation of the synovial membrane results in increased fluid production, leading to swelling and discomfort. This condition is common in weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and ankles but can affect other joints as well. In India, with the growing prevalence of autoimmune diseases and lifestyle-related joint disorders, synovitis is becoming a frequent diagnosis in orthopaedic and rheumatologic practices.

Symptoms

The symptoms of synovitis can vary in severity and duration, depending on the underlying cause. Common signs include:
1. Joint Pain: Persistent or intermittent pain that worsens with movement.
2. Swelling: Visible swelling due to excess synovial fluid accumulation.
3. Stiffness: Difficulty moving the joint, especially after periods of rest.
4. Warmth and Redness: The affected joint may feel warm and appear red due to inflammation.
5. Tenderness: Increased sensitivity around the joint area.
6. Reduced Range of Motion: Difficulty in performing everyday activities involving the joint.

Causes

Synovitis can be triggered by various factors, including:
1. Trauma or Injury: Accidents or repeated strain on the joint can irritate the synovial membrane.
2. Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus involve immune-mediated inflammation of the synovium.
3. Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can lead to reactive synovitis.
4. Overuse: Prolonged physical activity or repetitive motions can inflame the joint lining.
5. Gout or Pseudogout: Crystal deposition within the joint can irritate the synovium.
6. Osteoarthritis: In advanced cases, cartilage breakdown can trigger secondary synovitis.

Treatment

Managing synovitis involves addressing the symptoms and treating the underlying cause. Common treatment options include:
1. Medications:
– Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
– Corticosteroid injections for more severe inflammation.
– Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for autoimmune-related synovitis.
2. Physical Therapy:
– Exercises to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint mobility.
– Techniques like ultrasound therapy or cold compression to manage swelling.
3. Lifestyle Changes:
– Resting the affected joint and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms.
– Weight management to reduce stress on weight-bearing joints.
4. Surgical Intervention:
– In severe or chronic cases, arthroscopic synovectomy may be performed to remove inflamed tissue.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Prevention:
While not all cases of synovitis can be prevented, the following measures can reduce the risk:
– Joint Protection: Use braces or supports during physical activities.
– Maintain a Healthy Weight: Reduces stress on joints, particularly in the knees and hips.
– Prompt Treatment of Joint Injuries: Avoids long-term complications like chronic synovitis.
– Manage Underlying Conditions: Regular treatment for conditions like arthritis or gout.

Risk Factors:
– Age and Gender: Women, especially postmenopausal, are more prone to autoimmune conditions that cause synovitis.
– Genetics: A family history of autoimmune or joint disorders increases susceptibility.
– Lifestyle: Sedentary behaviour or excessive physical strain.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we offer comprehensive care for synovitis through advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans. Our approach includes:
1. Expert Consultation: A multidisciplinary team of rheumatologists and orthopaedic specialists ensures precise diagnosis and effective management.
2. State-of-the-Art Facilities: Imaging technologies like ultrasound and MRI aid in identifying inflammation and guiding treatment.
3. Holistic Rehabilitation Programs: Physiotherapy sessions tailored to improve joint function and minimize recurrence.
4. Patient-Centric Care: Education and counselling to help patients manage their condition and lead active lives.