Scoliosis

Overview

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often resembling an “S” or “C” shape when viewed from the back. It primarily affects children during their growth spurts before puberty but can also occur in adults due to degenerative changes in the spine. While mild cases may require minimal intervention, severe scoliosis can lead to complications such as breathing difficulties and chronic pain.

Introduction

The spine’s natural curvature helps maintain balance and mobility. In scoliosis, this balance is disrupted, resulting in uneven shoulders, hips, and a noticeable spinal curve. Although the exact cause remains unknown in many cases (idiopathic scoliosis), early diagnosis is critical for effective management. In India, scoliosis awareness is gradually improving, but delayed diagnosis remains a concern, especially in rural areas.

Symptoms

Symptoms of scoliosis vary depending on the severity of the curvature. Common signs include:
– Uneven shoulders or shoulder blades.
– One hip appearing higher than the other.
– Rib prominence on one side.
– Difficulty standing straight or walking for long periods.
– Back pain, particularly in adults.
– Reduced lung capacity in severe cases.

Causes

Scoliosis can result from various factors, including:
1. Idiopathic Scoliosis: The most common type, with no identifiable cause.
2. Congenital Scoliosis: Caused by spinal abnormalities present at birth.
3. Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Associated with conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.
4. Degenerative Scoliosis: Occurs in adults due to age-related wear and tear of the spine.
5. Injuries or Infections: Rarely, scoliosis may develop after trauma or spinal infections.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of the curvature and the patient’s age. Options include:

1. Observation:
– For mild curves, regular monitoring ensures the condition does not worsen.

2. Bracing:
– For children and adolescents with moderate curves, braces help prevent further progression.
– Common braces include the Boston brace and the Milwaukee brace.

3. Physiotherapy:
– Strengthening and stretching exercises to improve posture and reduce pain.
– Techniques like the Schroth method focus on scoliosis-specific exercises.

4. Surgery:
– In severe cases, spinal fusion surgery is performed to correct and stabilize the curvature.
– Modern techniques, including minimally invasive surgery, ensure better outcomes and faster recovery.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Prevention:
– Scoliosis cannot always be prevented, especially in idiopathic cases.
– Early screening in schools can help detect and manage scoliosis before it worsens.

Risk Factors:
– Age: Growth spurts during adolescence increase the risk.
– Gender: Females are more likely to develop severe scoliosis.
– Family History: A genetic predisposition may play a role.
– Neuromuscular Conditions: Underlying disorders such as muscular dystrophy can increase susceptibility.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we offer a multidisciplinary approach to scoliosis care, combining advanced diagnostic tools, expert orthopaedic consultations, and state-of-the-art treatment facilities. Our team specializes in:
– Early detection using techniques such as digital X-rays and 3D imaging.
– Customized physiotherapy programs tailored to individual needs.
– Bracing options that prioritize patient comfort and effectiveness.
– Surgical interventions employing cutting-edge technology for optimal correction and stabilization.

In India, the lack of scoliosis awareness often leads to delayed treatment, especially in underprivileged communities. Sancheti Hospital is committed to bridging this gap through regular awareness drives, community outreach programs, and affordable care for patients from all walks of life.