Sciatica

Overview

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back through the hips, buttocks, and down each leg. It is a common condition, affecting millions of people worldwide, including in India. Sciatica typically occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed, leading to pain, inflammation, and sometimes numbness. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications.

Introduction

The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in the body, responsible for transmitting signals between the spine and the legs. Sciatica often results from conditions such as herniated discs, bone spurs, or spinal stenosis that compress the nerve. With increasing sedentary lifestyles and poor ergonomics, the prevalence of sciatica is on the rise in India. While the condition can be debilitating, most cases respond well to conservative treatments.

Symptoms

Symptoms of sciatica can vary from mild to severe and typically include:
– Sharp or burning pain that radiates from the lower back to the leg.
– Pain that worsens with prolonged sitting, coughing, or sneezing.
– Numbness or tingling sensation in the affected leg or foot.
– Muscle weakness in the leg or foot.
– Difficulty in standing or walking due to pain.

Causes

Several factors can contribute to sciatica, including:
1. Herniated Disc: A slipped disc in the spine can press against the sciatic nerve.
2. Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal can compress the nerve roots.
3. Piriformis Syndrome: Tightening or spasms of the piriformis muscle can irritate the sciatic nerve.
4. Trauma: Accidents or injuries can lead to nerve compression.
5. Tumors or Infections: In rare cases, growths or infections in the spine can cause sciatica.
6. Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased weight during pregnancy may put pressure on the sciatic nerve.

Treatment

Treatment for sciatica focuses on relieving pain and addressing the underlying cause. Options include:

1. Medications:
– Pain relievers, such as NSAIDs.
– Muscle relaxants to ease spasms.
– Corticosteroid injections for severe inflammation.

2. Physiotherapy:
– Tailored exercises to strengthen the core and improve posture.
– Stretching routines to relieve pressure on the sciatic nerve.
– Modalities like ultrasound and TENS for pain relief.

3. Lifestyle Modifications:
– Adopting ergonomic practices at work.
– Incorporating regular physical activity to prevent stiffness.

4. Surgical Intervention:
– In severe cases, surgery like microdiscectomy may be recommended to relieve nerve compression.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Prevention:
– Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on the spine.
– Exercise regularly to strengthen core muscles and improve spinal support.
– Use proper lifting techniques to avoid back injuries.
– Ensure proper posture when sitting or working.

Risk Factors:
– Age: Degenerative changes in the spine increase risk.
– Occupation: Jobs requiring heavy lifting or prolonged sitting.
– Lifestyle: Sedentary habits and lack of exercise.
– Diabetes: May increase the risk of nerve damage.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we understand the challenges posed by sciatica and provide comprehensive care to address the condition. Our expert team of orthopaedic specialists and physiotherapists ensures accurate diagnosis using advanced imaging techniques. We offer personalized treatment plans, including non-surgical and surgical options tailored to the patient’s needs.

In India, where sedentary lifestyles are prevalent, Sancheti Hospital emphasizes the importance of awareness and prevention. Our rehabilitation programs focus on strengthening the spine, relieving pain, and restoring mobility, helping patients regain an active and pain-free life.