Rickets

Overview

Rickets is a childhood disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate, leading to the softening and weakening of bones. It primarily affects children during their growth phase and can result in deformities and delayed development. With proper awareness and timely intervention, rickets can be treated and prevented effectively.

Introduction

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption, which is crucial for strong and healthy bones. In rickets, the lack of sufficient vitamin D or calcium disrupts bone mineralization, leading to soft and brittle bones. Rickets is prevalent in developing countries, including India, where malnutrition and lack of sunlight exposure are significant contributors. A study conducted in India revealed that up to 30% of children may have subclinical vitamin D deficiency, underscoring the importance of addressing this condition.

Symptoms

The symptoms of rickets can vary but commonly include:

– Bowed legs or knock knees.
– Delayed growth and development.
– Pain or tenderness in the bones of the arms, legs, pelvis, or spine.
– Muscle weakness and delayed motor milestones.
– Thickened wrists and ankles due to cartilage overgrowth.
– Dental problems, such as delayed tooth formation or weak enamel.

Causes

The main causes of rickets include:

1. Vitamin D Deficiency: Inadequate exposure to sunlight or insufficient dietary intake of vitamin D-rich foods.
2. Calcium Deficiency: Lack of calcium in the diet, particularly in children with limited access to dairy products.
3. Phosphate Deficiency: Rare conditions such as genetic disorders can lead to phosphate deficiency, contributing to rickets.
4. Malabsorption Disorders: Conditions like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease can impair the absorption of vitamin D and calcium.
5. Genetic Factors: In rare cases, inherited disorders affect the metabolism of vitamin D.

Treatment

Treating rickets involves addressing the underlying deficiencies and managing symptoms:

1. Dietary Changes:
– Increase intake of vitamin D-rich foods such as fortified milk, eggs, and fish.
– Include calcium-rich foods like dairy products, green leafy vegetables, and nuts.
2. Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements:
– Prescribed supplements help restore normal levels of these nutrients.
3. Exposure to Sunlight:
– Ensure adequate exposure to sunlight, especially during early morning or late afternoon.
4. Physical Therapy:
– Helps strengthen muscles and improve mobility.
5. Surgical Intervention:
– In severe cases, surgery may be needed to correct bone deformities.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Prevention:

– Encourage a balanced diet rich in vitamin D and calcium.
– Promote regular sunlight exposure for at least 15–20 minutes daily.
– Use fortified foods to prevent deficiencies in populations at risk.
– Monitor at-risk children for early signs of rickets through regular health check-ups.

Risk Factors:

– Age: Children between 6 months and 3 years are most vulnerable due to rapid growth.
– Geographical Location: Areas with limited sunlight exposure are at higher risk.
– Dietary Restrictions: Vegan or lactose-intolerant children may lack essential nutrients.
– Health Conditions: Malabsorption disorders and chronic illnesses can increase susceptibility.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

Sancheti Hospital emphasizes early detection and comprehensive management of rickets. Our team of paediatricians, orthopaedic specialists, and dieticians collaborates to provide holistic care for children with this condition. From advanced diagnostic facilities to customized treatment plans, we ensure the best outcomes for our patients.

In India, where cultural and socioeconomic factors influence dietary habits and sunlight exposure, Sancheti Hospital focuses on educating parents about preventive measures. Our physiotherapy programs support children with bone deformities, aiding in their physical development and overall well-being.