Pes Planus

Overview

Pes planus, commonly known as flatfoot, is a condition characterized by the loss of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. This results in the entire sole of the foot coming into contact with the ground when standing. Flatfoot can be classified as flexible or rigid, and it may be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life. While many individuals with flatfoot experience no symptoms, others may suffer from pain and discomfort, particularly during physical activities.

Introduction

Flatfoot is a common condition that affects individuals of all ages, including children and adults. In children, flatfoot is often a normal part of development, as most infants are born with flat feet that typically develop arches by the age of 3 to 5 years. However, in some cases, the arches do not form properly, leading to persistent flatfoot. In adults, flatfoot can develop due to various factors such as injuries, aging, or conditions like obesity and diabetes. In India, where a significant number of people engage in physical labour and sports, awareness of pes planus is essential for early diagnosis and management.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pes planus can vary widely among individuals. Common symptoms include:

– Pain: Discomfort in the feet, particularly in the arch area or along the inner side of the ankle.
– Swelling: Mild swelling around the ankle or foot.
– Fatigue: Increased fatigue in the feet after prolonged standing or activity.
– Difficulty Walking: Challenges in walking or running due to altered biomechanics.
– Foot Deformities: Changes in foot shape, including heel valgus (outward turning) and forefoot abduction.

In more severe cases, individuals may develop secondary conditions such as plantar fasciitis or tendonitis due to altered foot mechanics.

Causes

Several factors contribute to the development of pes planus:

– Genetics: A family history of flatfoot can increase susceptibility.
– Ligamentous Laxity: Some individuals have naturally looser ligaments that can lead to flatfoot.
– Muscle Weakness: Weakness in the muscles that support the arches can contribute to the condition.
– Injury or Trauma: Injuries to the foot or ankle can result in structural changes leading to flatfoot.
– Chronic Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis can affect foot structure and function.

Treatment

Treatment for pes planus often depends on the severity of symptoms:

– Conservative Management:
– Orthotics: Custom-made shoe inserts can provide support and improve alignment.
– Physical Therapy: Exercises focusing on strengthening foot and leg muscles can help alleviate pain and improve function.
– Pain Management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be recommended for pain relief.

– Surgical Options: In cases where conservative treatments fail or if there are significant deformities causing pain, surgical intervention may be necessary. Procedures can include tendon repair or reconstruction to restore proper arch function.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Preventive measures for pes planus include:

– Proper Footwear: Wearing supportive shoes that provide adequate arch support can help prevent flatfoot from developing or worsening.
– Regular Exercise: Engaging in exercises that strengthen foot muscles can promote arch stability.
– Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the feet and joints.

Risk factors for developing pes planus include:

– Age: More common in children but can persist into adulthood if not addressed.
– Gender: Males are generally more affected than females.
– Previous Injuries: A history of foot or ankle injuries increases susceptibility.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we understand that pes planus can significantly impact your quality of life and daily activities. Our team of experienced orthopedic specialists employs advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately assess your condition. We offer a comprehensive range of treatment options tailored to individual needs, ensuring optimal recovery. Our focus on patient education empowers individuals with knowledge about their condition while promoting proactive management strategies for better outcomes. By addressing both immediate symptoms and long-term health goals, we strive to enhance our patients’ quality of life through compassionate care.