Perthes Disease

Overview

Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, is a childhood hip disorder characterized by the temporary loss of blood supply to the femoral head, the ball part of the hip joint. This disruption in blood flow leads to avascular necrosis, causing the bone to soften and break down. Over time, the body may restore blood flow, allowing for healing and regeneration; however, if not managed properly, it can result in permanent changes to the hip joint.

Introduction

Perthes disease primarily affects children aged 3 to 11 years and is more common in boys than girls. The exact cause of this condition remains unclear, but it is believed to be associated with genetic factors and environmental influences. In India, where awareness of paediatric orthopaedic conditions is growing, understanding Perthes disease is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Perthes disease can develop gradually and may include:

– Limping: A noticeable limp during walking or running, often worsening with activity.
– Hip Pain: Pain localized in the hip, groin, thigh, or knee. This pain may be intermittent and can worsen with movement.
– Stiffness: Reduced range of motion in the hip joint, making it difficult for the child to move their leg freely.
– Thinning Thigh Muscles: Muscle atrophy in the affected leg due to reduced use.
– Leg Length Discrepancy: A decrease in length of the affected leg over time.

Symptoms may vary in intensity and can come and go over several months.

Causes

The exact cause of Perthes disease is not fully understood; however, several factors may contribute:

– Disruption of Blood Flow: The primary issue is a temporary loss of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to bone cell death.
– Genetic Factors: There may be a hereditary component, as children with a family history of Perthes disease are at higher risk.
– Trauma: Some studies suggest that minor trauma or injury may trigger the condition.
– Coagulation Disorders: Certain blood clotting disorders may affect circulation to the femoral head.

Treatment

Treatment for Perthes disease focuses on managing symptoms and promoting healing:

– Observation: In mild cases where symptoms are minimal, careful monitoring may be sufficient.
– Activity Modification: Reducing high-impact activities can help alleviate pain and prevent further damage.
– Physical Therapy: A structured rehabilitation program can improve range of motion and strengthen surrounding muscles.
– Bracing or Casting: In some cases, using a brace or cast may be recommended to keep the hip joint stable during healing.
– Surgical Options: If conservative treatments fail or if there are significant deformities, surgical intervention may be necessary. Procedures such as osteotomy (realigning bones) can help restore proper alignment and function of the hip joint.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Preventive measures for Perthes disease are limited due to its unclear etiology; however, certain strategies can help manage risks:

– Regular Check-Ups: Early detection through routine evaluations can lead to timely intervention.
– Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Encouraging physical activity while avoiding excessive strain on the hips can support overall joint health.

Risk factors for developing Perthes disease include:

– Age: Most commonly affects children between 3 and 11 years old.
– Gender: More prevalent in boys than girls.
– Family History: A family history of Perthes disease increases susceptibility.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we understand that a diagnosis of Perthes disease can be concerning for both children and their families. Our team of experienced orthopedic specialists employs advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately assess your child’s condition. We offer a comprehensive range of treatment options tailored to individual needs, ensuring optimal recovery. Our focus on patient education empowers families with knowledge about their child’s condition while promoting proactive management strategies for better outcomes. By addressing both immediate symptoms and long-term health goals, we strive to enhance our patients’ quality of life through compassionate care.