Osteoarthritis

Overview

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by the degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone. It primarily affects the joints in the hands, knees, hips, and spine. As the cartilage wears down, bones may rub against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. OA is a chronic condition that can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life.

Introduction

Osteoarthritis is often referred to as a “wear and tear” disease due to its association with aging and repetitive stress on the joints. It can occur in individuals of all ages but is more prevalent in older adults. In India, where lifestyle factors such as obesity and physical labour are common, the incidence of osteoarthritis is rising. Understanding this condition is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.

Symptoms

The symptoms of osteoarthritis typically develop gradually and may include:

– Joint Pain: Pain during or after movement, which may improve with rest but worsen with activity.
– Stiffness: Morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes or stiffness after periods of inactivity.
– Swelling: Mild swelling around the affected joint due to inflammation.
– Loss of Flexibility: Reduced ability to move the joint through its full range of motion.
– Grating Sensation: A feeling of grating or crackling when using the joint.
– Bone Spurs: Extra bits of bone may form around the joint, leading to a knobbly appearance.
As OA progresses, symptoms can lead to significant limitations in daily activities.

Causes

Osteoarthritis develops due to a combination of factors:

– Aging: The risk increases with age as cartilage naturally wears down over time.
– Obesity: Excess weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips.
– Joint Injuries: Previous injuries or surgeries can increase susceptibility to OA.
– Repetitive Stress: Overuse from repetitive movements can contribute to cartilage breakdown.
– Genetic Factors: A family history of osteoarthritis may predispose individuals to develop the condition.
– Joint Abnormalities: Congenital defects or misalignment can increase wear on joints.

Treatment

Treatment for osteoarthritis focuses on relieving symptoms and improving joint function:

– Medications:
– NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce pain and inflammation.
– Acetaminophen: Often recommended for pain relief without anti-inflammatory effects.
– Topical Treatments: Creams containing NSAIDs or capsaicin can be applied directly to the skin over affected joints.

– Physical Therapy: Tailored exercise programs can strengthen muscles around the joint, improve flexibility, and reduce pain.

– Lifestyle Modifications:
– Weight Management: Losing weight can significantly relieve pressure on weight-bearing joints.
– Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate pain while maintaining an active lifestyle.

– Surgical Options:
– Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to clean out debris from the joint.
– Joint Replacement Surgery: In severe cases, partial or total joint replacement may be necessary.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Preventive measures for osteoarthritis include:

– Regular Exercise: Engaging in low-impact activities like swimming or cycling can help maintain joint health without excessive strain.
– Healthy Diet: A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals supports overall bone health.
– Ergonomic Practices: Using proper techniques during physical activities can minimize stress on joints.

Risk factors for developing osteoarthritis include:

– Age: More common in older adults, particularly those over 50 years old.
– Gender: Women are more likely than men to develop OA after menopause due to hormonal changes.
– Previous Joint Injuries: History of trauma increases susceptibility to osteoarthritis.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we understand that osteoarthritis can significantly impact your daily life. Our team of experienced orthopaedic specialists employs advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately assess your condition. We offer a comprehensive range of treatment options tailored to individual needs, ensuring optimal recovery. Our focus on patient education empowers individuals with knowledge about their condition while promoting proactive management strategies for better outcomes. By addressing both immediate symptoms and long-term health goals, we strive to enhance our patients’ quality of life through compassionate care.