Myelopathy

Overview

Myelopathy is a neurological condition resulting from compression or injury to the spinal cord, leading to a range of symptoms that can affect motor function, sensation, and reflexes. This condition can arise from various causes, including degenerative diseases, trauma, infections, or tumours. Myelopathy can occur in different regions of the spine, with cervical myelopathy being the most common form. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent damage and improve outcomes.

Introduction

Myelopathy is often characterized by a gradual onset of symptoms, which may be mistaken for other conditions. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body; thus, any disruption can lead to significant functional impairments. In India, where spinal disorders are prevalent due to various factors such as occupational hazards and lifestyle choices, awareness of myelopathy is essential for timely intervention.

Symptoms

The symptoms of myelopathy can vary based on the location and severity of spinal cord compression but typically include:

– Neck or Back Pain: Persistent pain in the neck or lower back, depending on the affected region.
– Numbness or Tingling: Sensations of numbness or tingling in the arms or legs.
– Weakness: Muscle weakness in the arms or legs, affecting coordination and balance.
– Difficulty Walking: Gait disturbances, including unsteady walking or a wide-based gait.
– Loss of Fine Motor Skills: Difficulty with tasks requiring dexterity, such as buttoning a shirt or writing.
– Increased Reflexes: Hyperactive reflexes in the arms or legs.
– Loss of Bowel or Bladder Control: In severe cases, myelopathy can lead to incontinence.

Symptoms may develop gradually over time or appear suddenly following an injury.

Causes

Myelopathy can result from various factors:

– Degenerative Changes: Conditions such as cervical spondylosis (age-related wear and tear) can lead to spinal stenosis and compression of the spinal cord.
– Trauma: Injuries from accidents or falls can cause direct damage to the spinal cord.
– Herniated Discs: Bulging discs may press against the spinal cord or nerve roots.
– Tumors: Benign or malignant Tumors can compress the spinal cord.
– Infections: Conditions like epidural abscesses can lead to inflammation and compression.
– Autoimmune Disorders: Diseases such as multiple sclerosis may affect spinal cord function.

Treatment

Treatment for myelopathy focuses on relieving symptoms and addressing underlying causes:

– Conservative Management:
– Physical Therapy: Rehabilitation exercises can strengthen muscles and improve mobility.
– Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help manage pain and inflammation.

– Surgical Treatment:
– Decompression Surgery: Surgical procedures may be necessary to relieve pressure on the spinal cord caused by herniated discs, bone spurs, or Tumors.
– Spinal Fusion: In cases of instability, fusion surgery may be performed to stabilize the spine.

The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and underlying causes.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Preventive measures for myelopathy include:

– Regular Exercise: Engaging in physical activity helps maintain spinal health and flexibility.
– Proper Ergonomics: Using ergonomic furniture and practicing good posture can reduce strain on the spine.
– Avoiding High-Risk Activities: Limiting activities that increase the risk of trauma can help prevent injuries.

Risk factors for developing myelopathy include:

– Age: Older adults are more susceptible due to degenerative changes in the spine.
– Gender: Males are generally at higher risk due to increased participation in high-impact sports.
– Previous Spinal Injuries: A history of trauma increases susceptibility to myelopathy.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we understand that myelopathy can significantly impact your quality of life. Our team of experienced orthopedic specialists employs advanced diagnostic techniques to accurately assess your condition. We offer a comprehensive range of treatment options tailored to individual needs, ensuring optimal recovery. Our focus on patient education empowers individuals with knowledge about their condition while promoting proactive management strategies for better outcomes. By addressing both immediate symptoms and long-term health goals, we strive to enhance our patients’ quality of life through compassionate care.