Frozen Shoulder

Overview

Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It typically develops gradually and can significantly affect daily activities. The condition is more common in adults aged 40 to 60, particularly in women and individuals with diabetes. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for effective recovery.

Introduction

The shoulder joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, which allows for smooth and extensive movement. In frozen shoulder, this capsule thickens and tightens, restricting mobility and causing pain. The condition progresses through three stages: the freezing stage (increasing pain and stiffness), the frozen stage (reduced pain but limited motion), and the thawing stage (gradual improvement). In India, frozen shoulder is often observed in individuals with sedentary lifestyles, diabetes, or post-operative immobility.

Symptoms

The symptoms of frozen shoulder typically include:
– Persistent pain in the shoulder, often worsening at night.
– Stiffness and reduced range of motion in the shoulder joint.
– Difficulty performing everyday tasks, such as reaching overhead or behind the back.
– Gradual onset of symptoms that may last several months to years.

Causes

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not always clear, but factors that contribute to its development include:
– Diabetes: Frozen shoulder is more common in individuals with diabetes, affecting nearly 10-20% of diabetic patients.
– Injury or Surgery: Prolonged immobility following a shoulder injury or surgery can lead to the condition.
– Other Medical Conditions: Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Parkinson’s disease, and cardiac conditions are associated with an increased risk of frozen shoulder.
– Age and Gender: Middle-aged adults and women are more susceptible.

Treatment

The treatment for frozen shoulder aims to relieve pain, restore mobility, and prevent further stiffness. The options include:

1. Non-Surgical Treatments:
– Medications: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs to manage discomfort.
– Physiotherapy: Customized exercises to stretch and strengthen the shoulder joint, often under the guidance of a physiotherapist.
– Steroid Injections: To reduce inflammation and alleviate severe pain.
2. Minimally Invasive Procedures:
– Hydrodilatation: Injecting fluid into the joint capsule to expand it and improve mobility.
– Arthroscopic Surgery: In severe cases, minimally invasive surgery may be recommended to release the tightened capsule.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Risk Factors:

– Diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
– Age (40-60 years) and female gender.
– Prolonged shoulder immobility after injury or surgery.

Prevention:

– Engage in regular shoulder mobility exercises to maintain flexibility.
– Manage underlying conditions such as diabetes and thyroid disorders effectively.
– Seek early treatment for shoulder pain to prevent progression to frozen shoulder.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, our expert orthopaedic team offers comprehensive care for frozen shoulder, combining advanced diagnostic techniques with personalized treatment plans. We focus on non-invasive therapies such as physiotherapy, pain management, and hydrodilatation, complemented by state-of-the-art surgical options when necessary.

Our dedicated physiotherapy department specializes in recovery programs tailored to each patient’s needs, ensuring optimal outcomes. With our patient-centric approach and emphasis on education, we empower individuals to take control of their recovery journey.