Erosive Osteoarthritis

Overview

Erosive Osteoarthritis (EOA) is a rare but aggressive form of osteoarthritis that primarily affects the small joints of the hands. Unlike typical osteoarthritis, EOA is characterized by joint inflammation and cartilage destruction, leading to bone erosion and deformity. This condition often affects middle-aged women and can significantly impair hand function, impacting daily activities.

Introduction

Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease, but Erosive Osteoarthritis is distinct due to its inflammatory and destructive nature. It commonly involves the distal interphalangeal (DIP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the hands. Although less prevalent than other forms of arthritis, EOA requires timely diagnosis and targeted management to minimize joint damage and preserve hand mobility. In India, awareness of EOA is limited, and it is often underdiagnosed, emphasizing the need for increased clinical vigilance.

Symptoms

Symptoms of EOA often overlap with other types of arthritis but have unique features, including:
– Sudden onset of joint pain and swelling, primarily in the hands.
– Redness and warmth around the affected joints.
– Development of bony deformities over time.
– Stiffness, especially in the morning, lasting longer than in typical osteoarthritis.
– Reduced grip strength and difficulty in performing fine motor tasks.

Causes

The exact cause of Erosive Osteoarthritis remains unclear, but several factors may contribute, including:
– Genetic Predisposition: Family history of arthritis increases susceptibility.
– Hormonal Factors: EOA is more common in postmenopausal women, suggesting a hormonal link.
– Mechanical Stress: Repeated stress on the small joints may trigger or exacerbate the condition.
– Inflammatory Pathways: Unlike traditional osteoarthritis, EOA involves significant inflammatory processes, which lead to cartilage degradation and bone erosion.

Treatment

Treatment for EOA focuses on managing pain, reducing inflammation, and preserving joint function. Options include:
– Medications:
– Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation.
– Corticosteroid injections for severe flares.
– Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in select cases with significant inflammation.
– Physical Therapy:
– Hand exercises to maintain mobility and strength.
– Splints or braces to support the joints and prevent deformities.
– Surgical Intervention:
– In advanced cases, joint fusion or reconstructive surgery may be considered to restore hand functionality.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Risk Factors:

– Being female, particularly postmenopausal women.
– Genetic predisposition to arthritis or inflammatory conditions.
– History of repetitive joint use or trauma.

Prevention:

– Early Diagnosis: Recognizing symptoms early and seeking medical attention can slow disease progression.
– Hand Protection: Avoiding repetitive stress and using ergonomic tools.
– Lifestyle Modifications: Maintaining a healthy weight and balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods.
– Regular Exercise: Strengthening hand muscles and maintaining joint flexibility.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, our expert orthopaedic and rheumatology teams are equipped to diagnose and manage complex conditions like Erosive Osteoarthritis. We employ advanced imaging techniques, including X-rays and MRI, to identify joint damage early and tailor treatment plans accordingly.

Our physiotherapy department provides customized rehabilitation programs, emphasizing hand mobility and functional restoration. For severe cases, our surgeons are skilled in performing reconstructive procedures to improve hand function and quality of life.

Sancheti Hospital is committed to patient education, ensuring individuals understand their condition and are equipped with the tools to manage symptoms effectively. We also participate in ongoing research to enhance understanding and treatment of conditions like EOA, making us a trusted destination for comprehensive arthritis care in India.