Distal Radius Fracture

Overview

A distal radius fracture, commonly known as a wrist fracture, occurs near the larger of the two forearm bones, close to the wrist joint. It is one of the most frequent types of fractures, especially among individuals who experience falls or trauma. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to restoring wrist function and preventing long-term complications.

Introduction

The distal radius is a critical bone that connects the forearm to the wrist and plays an essential role in hand and wrist movement. Fractures in this region are commonly caused by falls onto an outstretched hand or high-impact trauma, such as during sports or motor vehicle accidents. In India, where road accidents are prevalent and recreational sports like cricket are widely played, distal radius fractures are a significant concern in orthopaedic clinics. The increasing geriatric population with osteoporosis also contributes to the rising cases.

Symptoms

A distal radius fracture often presents with the following symptoms:
– Pain and swelling around the wrist, particularly after an injury.
– Bruising and tenderness at the fracture site.
– Deformity or an abnormal appearance of the wrist.
– Limited range of motion, with difficulty moving the wrist or hand.
– Numbness or tingling in severe cases due to nerve involvement.

Causes

The primary causes of distal radius fractures include:
– Falls: Landing on an outstretched hand is the most common cause.
– Sports injuries: Contact sports or activities involving rapid movements can lead to fractures.
– High-impact trauma: Accidents involving vehicles or industrial injuries.
– Osteoporosis: Weakened bones in elderly individuals are more prone to fractures.

Treatment

Treatment options for distal radius fractures depend on the severity of the injury:

– Non-Surgical Treatment:
– Casting or Splinting: Minor fractures can be immobilized with a cast or splint to allow the bone to heal.
– Closed Reduction: For displaced fractures, the bone is realigned manually before applying a cast.

– Surgical Treatment:
– Internal Fixation: Plates, screws, or pins are used to stabilize the fracture.
– External Fixation: A metal frame outside the body holds the bone in place during healing.
– Bone Grafting: Used in cases of severe bone loss to aid in healing.

Rehabilitation through physical therapy is vital to regain strength, mobility, and function after treatment.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Prevention strategies and understanding risk factors can minimize the occurrence of distal radius fractures:

– Prevention:

– Maintain good bone health through adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
– Engage in weight-bearing exercises to strengthen bones and muscles.
– Use protective gear during sports activities.
– Fall-proof homes by eliminating tripping hazards and installing handrails.

– Risk Factors:

– Age: Elderly individuals are more prone due to decreased bone density.
– Osteoporosis: Increases the risk of fractures with minimal trauma.
– Gender: Women, particularly postmenopausal, have a higher risk.
– Lifestyle: Sedentary habits and poor nutrition contribute to weak bones.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, our team of orthopaedic specialists provides comprehensive care for distal radius fractures. From accurate diagnosis using advanced imaging to personalized treatment plans, we ensure optimal outcomes. Our state-of-the-art facilities include minimally invasive surgical techniques, effective pain management, and post-treatment rehabilitation programs. Patient-centric care and extensive experience in managing complex cases make Sancheti Hospital a trusted destination for orthopaedic care in India.

Resources and References

1. Indian Orthopaedic Association (2023). Wrist Injuries and Their Management in India.
2. National Health Profile 2022. Bone Health in Indian Populations.
3. Sancheti Hospital: Pioneering Orthopaedic Care and Rehabilitation.