Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Overview

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes compressed at the wrist. This compression leads to a range of symptoms, including pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers. CTS is considered one of the most prevalent forms of peripheral neuropathy, affecting approximately 3-6% of the adult population globally, with a higher incidence among women and individuals engaged in repetitive hand movements.

Introduction

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway located on the palm side of the wrist. It houses the median nerve and several tendons that control finger movement. When the tunnel becomes narrowed or when tissues surrounding the tendons swell, pressure on the median nerve increases, leading to the symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. The condition can significantly impact daily activities and quality of life, making early diagnosis and treatment essential.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include:
– Numbness or Tingling: A sensation of tingling or numbness in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring fingers is often experienced.
– Pain: Discomfort may radiate from the wrist up to the forearm or down into the fingers.
– Weakness: Affected individuals may notice weakness in their grip or difficulty holding objects.
– Worsening Symptoms at Night: Many people experience increased symptoms at night, which can disrupt sleep.

As symptoms progress, they may become more severe and persistent, leading to potential long-term damage if left untreated.

Causes

Carpal tunnel syndrome is primarily caused by increased pressure on the median nerve. Factors contributing to this pressure include:

– Repetitive Hand Movements: Activities that require repetitive wrist motions, such as typing or assembly line work, can lead to swelling in the carpal tunnel.
– Injury: Trauma to the wrist can cause swelling or structural changes that compress the median nerve.
– Health Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders can increase susceptibility to CTS by causing inflammation or fluid retention.

In India, where many individuals engage in occupations involving repetitive hand movements, such as manufacturing and data entry jobs, CTS has become increasingly prevalent.

Treatment

Treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome varies based on severity but may include:
– Conservative Management: Initial treatment often involves rest, ice application, and splinting to immobilize the wrist and reduce pressure on the median nerve.
– Physical Therapy: Physiotherapy can help strengthen hand muscles and improve flexibility while providing techniques to alleviate symptoms.
– Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and pain.
– Corticosteroid Injections: In some cases, corticosteroids may be injected into the carpal tunnel to decrease inflammation around the nerve.
– Surgery: If conservative treatments fail after several months, surgical intervention may be necessary to relieve pressure on the median nerve by cutting through the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Preventive measures for carpal tunnel syndrome include:

– Ergonomic Adjustments: Modifying workstations to ensure proper wrist positioning can help reduce strain.
– Regular Breaks: Taking frequent breaks during repetitive tasks allows for muscle recovery.
– Wrist Exercises: Engaging in stretching and strengthening exercises can enhance flexibility and reduce tension in the wrist area.

Risk factors for developing CTS include:

– Gender: Women are more likely than men to develop CTS due to anatomical differences in wrist structure.
– Age: The risk increases with age as tendons may become less flexible.
– Occupation: Jobs that require repetitive hand movements or prolonged wrist flexion are at higher risk.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we recognize that early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial for managing carpal tunnel syndrome effectively. Our team of expert physiotherapists employs advanced diagnostic techniques to assess your condition accurately. We offer a range of treatment options tailored to individual needs, ensuring optimal recovery. With our focus on patient education and preventive strategies, we aim to empower individuals with knowledge about their conditions while providing compassionate care throughout their treatment journey.

By understanding carpal tunnel syndrome’s causes, symptoms, and treatment options, patients can take proactive steps toward managing their health effectively.