Bunions

A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe, resulting from the misalignment of bones in the foot. This condition can cause the big toe to angle toward the second toe, leading to discomfort and pain. Bunions can develop gradually and may worsen over time, affecting mobility and quality of life.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of bunions include:
– Bulging bump: A noticeable bump on the outside of the big toe joint.
– Swelling and redness: Inflammation around the affected joint.
– Pain: Ongoing discomfort that may worsen with activity or tight footwear.
– Limited movement: Difficulty moving the big toe or foot.
– Corns or calluses: Thickened skin that develops where the first and second toes rub against each other.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:
– Persistent pain that interferes with daily activities.
– Visible changes in foot structure, such as a prominent bump.
– Difficulty finding comfortable footwear due to bunion-related changes.
– Decreased mobility or stiffness in the big toe.

Causes

Bunions can arise from various factors, including:
– Genetics: A family history of bunions can increase susceptibility.
– Footwear choices: Wearing tight, narrow shoes can contribute to bunion formation.
– Medical conditions: Conditions like arthritis can exacerbate bunion development.
– Foot stress: Repeated stress on the foot from certain activities or occupations.

Risk Factors

Several factors may increase the likelihood of developing bunions:
– Gender: Women are more prone to bunions due to footwear choices and anatomical differences.
– Age: The risk of bunions increases with age as foot structures weaken.
– Previous foot injuries: Past injuries can lead to deformities that promote bunion formation.

Prevention

To help prevent bunions, consider these tips:
– Choose proper footwear: Opt for shoes with a wide toe box and good arch support.
– Maintain a healthy weight: Reducing pressure on your feet can decrease the risk of bunion development.
– Practice foot exercises: Strengthening foot muscles through specific exercises can improve alignment and flexibility.
– Avoid high heels: Limit wearing high-heeled shoes that place excessive pressure on the toes.