Boutonnière Deformity

Overview

Boutonnière deformity is a condition affecting the fingers, characterized by the bending of the middle joint (PIP joint) downward and the outermost joint (DIP joint) curving upward. This deformity occurs due to damage or disruption of the central slip of the extensor tendon that straightens the finger. It is commonly associated with injuries, arthritis, or chronic joint conditions. Without treatment, this deformity can impair hand function and limit the ability to perform everyday tasks.

Symptoms

• Flexion (bending) of the middle joint of the finger.
• Hyperextension (straightening) of the joint near the fingertip.
• Swelling, pain, or tenderness in the affected finger.
• Stiffness or difficulty in fully straightening the finger.
• Weakness in gripping or pinching objects.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a doctor if you experience:
• Difficulty straightening your finger or a noticeable change in its shape.
• Pain, swelling, or stiffness in the finger that persists.
• Loss of function or strength in the affected hand or finger.
• A recent injury to the hand accompanied by deformity or restricted movement.

Causes

• Trauma or injury: Direct injury to the extensor tendon or middle joint of the finger.
• Arthritis: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis that weaken tendons and joints.
• Cuts or lacerations: Injuries to the top of the finger that damage the extensor tendon.
• Chronic inflammation: Conditions causing joint or tendon inflammation over time.

Risk Factors

• Sports injuries: Contact sports or activities involving high risks of hand injuries.
• Arthritis: Particularly rheumatoid arthritis, which affects the joints and tendons.
• Occupational hazards: Jobs requiring repetitive hand movements or increased risk of trauma.
• Previous finger injuries: Untreated or improperly healed tendon injuries.

Prevention

• Protect your hands: Use proper protective gear during sports or high-risk activities.
• Avoid repetitive strain: Take breaks during activities requiring repetitive hand motions.
• Early treatment of injuries: Address finger injuries promptly to prevent long-term complications.
• Manage arthritis: Control underlying conditions with medications, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes.
• Strengthen hand muscles: Perform hand and finger exercises to maintain joint stability.