Bone Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

Overview

Bone avascular necrosis (AVN), also called osteonecrosis, is a condition that occurs when blood flow to a bone is interrupted or reduced, leading to bone tissue death. This can result in tiny fractures and the eventual collapse of the bone. AVN most commonly affects the hip joint but can also occur in other bones such as the knees, shoulders, and ankles. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent joint damage and improve treatment outcomes.

Symptoms

• Pain in the affected joint, which may start as mild and progress over time.
• Pain that worsens with weight-bearing activities or joint movement.
• Stiffness or restricted range of motion in the affected joint.
• A limp or difficulty walking, particularly if the hip or knee is involved.
• In advanced stages, joint deformity and persistent discomfort even at rest.

When to See a Doctor

Consult a doctor if you experience:
• Persistent or worsening joint pain that affects your daily activities.
• Sudden onset of severe pain in a joint, especially after trauma or injury.
• Signs of restricted joint mobility or stiffness.
• A history of conditions or treatments that may increase your risk of AVN, such as steroid use or heavy alcohol consumption.

Causes

• Injury or trauma: Fractures or dislocations that disrupt blood supply to the bone.
• Long-term steroid use: High-dose or prolonged use of corticosteroids can impair blood flow.
• Alcohol abuse: Excessive alcohol consumption can affect bone health and blood circulation.
• Medical conditions: Sickle cell anemia, lupus, or other conditions that reduce blood flow.
• Other factors: Radiation therapy, decompression sickness, or certain clotting disorders.

Risk Factors

• Age: Most common in individuals aged 30–50.
• Lifestyle habits: Excessive alcohol intake or smoking.
• Medical treatments: Long-term corticosteroid use or radiation therapy.
• Injuries: Previous fractures or joint dislocations.
• Chronic health conditions: Autoimmune diseases, blood disorders, or metabolic conditions.

Prevention

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
• Monitor medication use: Limit long-term use of corticosteroids under medical guidance.
• Protect joints: Use proper techniques during sports or physical activities to reduce the risk of injuries.
• Manage chronic conditions: Treat conditions like diabetes, sickle cell anemia, or lupus effectively.
• Regular check-ups: Early monitoring if you have risk factors, to detect issues before they progress.