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Overview
A Baker’s cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that develops at the back of the knee. It is often caused by excess synovial fluid leaking into the tissue behind the knee joint. This condition is commonly associated with underlying knee issues such as arthritis or cartilage tears. While Baker’s cysts are generally non-threatening, they can cause discomfort and restrict knee movement, impacting daily activities.
Symptoms
• Swelling or a lump behind the knee.
• Tightness or stiffness in the knee.
• Pain, particularly when straightening or bending the knee.
• Limited range of motion in the knee joint.
• In some cases, the cyst may rupture, leading to redness, bruising, and sharp pain in the calf.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a doctor if you experience:
• Persistent swelling or pain behind the knee.
• Difficulty moving your knee or leg.
• Symptoms that worsen over time or affect your ability to walk.
• Sudden sharp pain in the calf or redness and swelling in the leg, as these could indicate a ruptured cyst or blood clot.
Causes
• Knee joint injuries: Damage to cartilage or ligaments can lead to excess fluid production.
• Arthritis: Conditions like osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis often result in inflammation and fluid buildup.
• Knee surgery: Post-surgical inflammation may lead to the formation of a cyst.
• Gout or other inflammatory conditions: These can trigger fluid accumulation in the knee joint.
Risk Factors
• Age: Common in adults over 40 due to wear and tear on the knee.
• Knee injuries: Athletes or individuals with physically demanding jobs are at higher risk.
• Arthritis: People with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis are more susceptible.
• Chronic joint conditions: Recurrent inflammation can lead to the development of Baker’s cysts.
Prevention
• Maintain joint health: Regular low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling can strengthen the knee joint.
• Manage underlying conditions: Treat arthritis or other knee problems promptly to reduce inflammation.
• Protect your knees: Use proper techniques during physical activities and avoid overloading the joint.
• Healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on the knees.
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