Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

Adhesive Capsulitis, commonly known as Frozen Shoulder, is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder (the capsule) thickens and tightens, restricting movement. Frozen shoulder develops gradually, often over the course of months, and can severely impact daily activities. It typically progresses through three stages: freezing, frozen, and thawing, each with distinct symptoms and durations.

Symptoms

The symptoms of adhesive capsulitis usually follow three phases:
1. Freezing stage: During this phase, shoulder pain increases gradually, and movement becomes increasingly restricted. This phase can last from 6 weeks to 9 months.
2. Frozen stage: Pain may decrease during this phase, but stiffness remains, making it difficult to move the shoulder. This phase can last 4 to 6 months.
3. Thawing stage: In this final phase, the shoulder’s range of motion slowly improves, and stiffness decreases. This stage can last 6 months to 2 years.

Common symptoms include:

– Persistent pain in the shoulder, especially with movement.
– Restricted shoulder movement and stiffness.
– Difficulty performing daily activities, such as reaching overhead or behind the back.
– Worsening discomfort during the night or while sleeping on the affected side.

When to See a Doctor?

You should consult a doctor if:
– You experience unexplained shoulder pain that worsens over time.
– Your shoulder movement becomes increasingly restricted.
– You find it challenging to carry out daily tasks due to pain or stiffness.
– The pain persists for weeks and affects your sleep or overall quality of life.

Early intervention can help manage symptoms effectively and prevent further complications.

Causes

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but it is often associated with:
– Immobilization of the shoulder: Prolonged lack of movement due to surgery, injury, or other conditions can lead to adhesive capsulitis.
– Inflammation of the shoulder capsule, which causes the tissue to thicken and tighten, restricting movement.
– Scar tissue formation around the shoulder joint, contributing to stiffness.

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing adhesive capsulitis:
1. Age and gender: People over 40, particularly women, are more likely to develop frozen shoulder.
2. Medical conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are linked to a higher risk.
3. Injury or surgery: A shoulder injury, surgery, or immobilization due to fractures can trigger frozen shoulder.
4. Prolonged inactivity: Lack of shoulder movement for extended periods, often after surgery or injury, can lead to adhesive capsulitis.

Prevention

While not all cases of frozen shoulder can be prevented, certain measures can reduce the risk:
– Stay active: Keep your shoulder mobile by performing regular exercises that promote range of motion and flexibility.
– Avoid prolonged immobilization: After surgery or injury, start gentle shoulder movements as soon as possible under a healthcare professional’s guidance.
– Manage underlying conditions: If you have conditions such as diabetes or thyroid problems, ensure they are well-managed to reduce the risk of developing adhesive capsulitis.
– Seek early treatment: If you notice pain or stiffness in the shoulder, consult a healthcare provider early to prevent further progression.
Adhesive capsulitis can be effectively managed with physiotherapy, medications, and in some cases, surgery. For expert care and guidance, consult an orthopaedic doctor at Sancheti Hospital or visit a physiotherapy centre near me to start your treatment plan.