Facet Joint Syndrome

Overview

Facet Joint Syndrome is a common cause of back and neck pain. It occurs due to degeneration or inflammation of the facet joints, which are small joints that connect the vertebrae in the spine. These joints allow smooth movement and stability in the spine. When they are affected, pain and stiffness may develop, limiting daily activities. This condition is frequently observed in individuals over 50, but it can also affect younger people, especially those involved in physically demanding activities.

Introduction

The spine comprises vertebrae that are connected by intervertebral discs and facet joints. These joints are lined with cartilage and surrounded by a capsule containing synovial fluid, facilitating smooth movement. In Facet Joint Syndrome, cartilage degeneration or joint inflammation can lead to pain, reduced mobility, and discomfort in the affected area. This condition can impact the lumbar (lower back), cervical (neck), or thoracic (mid-back) regions of the spine.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Facet Joint Syndrome depend on the location and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
– Persistent or intermittent localized pain in the neck, mid-back, or lower back.
– Stiffness and difficulty moving the spine, especially after prolonged periods of rest.
– Radiating pain to the shoulders, buttocks, or thighs, but typically not below the knee.
– Increased pain during activities involving spinal extension or rotation.
– Tenderness around the affected joints.

Causes

The primary causes of Facet Joint Syndrome include:
1. Degenerative Changes: Age-related wear and tear on the cartilage covering the facet joints.
2. Injury or Trauma: Sudden impact, repetitive strain, or whiplash injuries can damage the facet joints.
3. Arthritis: Osteoarthritis and other forms of arthritis can lead to facet joint inflammation and pain.
4. Postural Issues: Poor posture, prolonged sitting, or incorrect lifting techniques increase stress on the spine.
5. Other Factors: Obesity, genetic predisposition, or prior spinal surgery may also contribute.

Treatment

Treatment aims to reduce pain, improve mobility, and address underlying causes. Options include:
1. Conservative Treatments:
– Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, and pain relievers.
– Physiotherapy: Stretching, strengthening exercises, and manual therapy to improve flexibility and support spinal alignment.
– Heat or Cold Therapy: To alleviate inflammation and pain.
2. Minimally Invasive Procedures:
– Facet Joint Injections: Corticosteroids or anesthetics injected into the joint to reduce pain and inflammation.
– Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): A procedure that uses heat to disrupt nerve signals responsible for pain.
3. Surgical Intervention: Rarely required, but spinal fusion or decompression surgery may be considered in severe cases.

Prevention and Risk Factors

Risk Factors:

– Advancing age.
– High-impact activities or repetitive spinal movements.
– Poor posture and lack of physical fitness.
– Obesity or excess body weight.

Prevention Tips:

– Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the spine.
– Practice good posture, particularly during prolonged sitting or standing.
– Engage in regular physical activity, including exercises to strengthen the core and back muscles.
– Use ergonomic furniture and techniques to support spinal health during work or leisure activities.

Insights from Sancheti Hospital

At Sancheti Hospital, we specialize in diagnosing and treating spinal conditions like Facet Joint Syndrome. Our comprehensive approach includes advanced imaging techniques for accurate diagnosis, followed by personalized treatment plans.

Our expert team of orthopaedic specialists, physiotherapists, and pain management professionals work collaboratively to provide effective relief and long-term solutions. We emphasize non-surgical options, such as physiotherapy and minimally invasive procedures, ensuring faster recovery and minimal downtime. For cases requiring surgical intervention, our state-of-the-art facilities and experienced surgeons deliver optimal outcomes.