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Flat Feet Treatment in Pune
Get expert flat feet treatment in Pune with orthopaedic specialists providing arch correction, custom orthotics, and gait improvement care.
Overview
Flat feet, medically called pes planus or fallen arches, is a common foot condition where the arch on the bottom of your foot is very low or completely absent. When someone with flat feet stands up, most or all of their feet touch the ground.
While all babies are born with flat feet, foot arches usually develop during childhood, typically by age six. However, some people’s arches never fully form, or they may collapse later in life due to various factors.
Your foot arches play an important role in how you walk and stand. They work like natural shock absorbers, help store and release energy when you move, adapt to different surfaces, and protect sensitive nerves and blood vessels in your feet.
Many people with flat feet live comfortably without any problems. However, others may experience discomfort, foot pain, balance issues, or even problems in other parts of their body. Understanding this condition is the first step toward getting proper care and maintaining healthy feet.
Symptoms
Not everyone with flat feet experiences symptoms. Many people go through life without any discomfort from their fallen arches. When symptoms do occur, they can range from mild irritation to significant pain that affects daily activities.
Common symptoms of flat feet include:
- Foot pain in the arches, heels, or ankles that may worsen after standing or walking for long periods
- Muscle fatigue or cramps extending into the legs
- Changes in walking patterns or balance problems
- Toes pointing outward (called “toe drift”)
- Swelling along the inside of the ankle
- Skin problems like corns and calluses from increased pressure
- Foot deformities such as bunions or hammertoes
- Uneven shoe wear, especially on the inner side
- Difficulty standing on your tiptoes
- Pain that spreads to knees, hips, or lower back as your body tries to compensate
Causes
Flat feet can develop from various factors including genetics, lifestyle choices, medical conditions, and injuries. Understanding what causes this condition helps determine the best treatment approach.
Genetic Causes:
- Inherited traits: Flat feet often run in families, suggesting a strong genetic component
- Connective tissue disorders: Conditions like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome can cause overly flexible ligaments
- Congenital defects: Some babies are born with structural abnormalities that prevent normal arch formation
Acquired Causes (Fallen Arches): These develop after foot arches have typically formed:
- Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction (PTTD): The most common cause of adult-acquired flat feet, where the tendon supporting the arch becomes weak or damaged
- Injuries: Foot fractures, dislocations, or sprains can damage the structures supporting the arch
- Diseases and inflammation: Arthritis, diabetes-related nerve damage (Charcot foot), and other inflammatory conditions
- Muscle and ligament weakness: Weak foot muscles or reduced elasticity in tendons
- Pregnancy: Hormonal changes can increase ligament flexibility, potentially flattening arches temporarily
- Tight Achilles tendon: Can pull on the heel and contribute to flatter foot posture
Risk Factors
While genetics play a role in flat feet, several factors can increase your likelihood of developing or worsening the condition:
- Obesity: Extra body weight increases stress on foot arches
- Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of activity weakens muscles that support the arch
- Poor footwear: Shoes without proper arch support like flip-flops or high heels
- High-impact activities: Sports with repetitive jumping or running can strain feet
- Aging: Natural wear and reduced flexibility of tendons and ligaments
- Diabetes: Can lead to nerve damage affecting foot structure
- Rheumatoid arthritis: Causes inflammation and joint deformities in feet
- Neurological conditions: Diseases like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy
- Tight calf muscles: Can restrict ankle movement and increase foot pressure
Diagnosis
Healthcare professionals like orthopedists or podiatrists use several methods to accurately diagnose flat feet:
Physical Examination:
- Visual inspection: Observing foot shape when sitting and standing
- Gait analysis: Watching how you walk to assess foot movement
- Flexibility tests: Checking if the arch appears when not bearing weight
- Shoe wear evaluation: Examining wear patterns on your shoes
- “Too many toes” sign: More toes visible from behind due to heel positioning
Imaging Tests: When needed, doctors may order:
- X-rays: Show bone alignment and structural issues
- Ultrasound or MRI: Examine soft tissues like tendons and ligaments
- CT scans: Provide detailed views of complex bone structures
- Computerized plantography: Maps pressure distribution on your feet
Types
Flat feet are categorized based on flexibility and underlying causes, which influences treatment approaches:
Flexible Flatfoot:
- Most common type
- Arch visible when not bearing weight but disappears when standing
- Often causes no symptoms initially but may develop foot pain over time
Rigid Flatfoot:
- Feet remain flat whether standing or sitting
- Limited foot movement
- Usually more problematic, often causing pain and discomfort
- Typically caused by bone and joint abnormalities
Fallen Arches (Adult-Acquired Flatfoot):
- Previously normal arch collapses in adulthood
- Often caused by posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
- Can result in significant pain and walking difficulties
Less Common Types:
- Vertical talus: Rare congenital condition with “rocker-bottom” foot appearance
- Longitudinal flatfoot: Flattening of the long arch causing increased pronation
- Transverse flatfoot: Flattening of the cross-arch leading to wider forefoot
- Pes planovalgus: Complex type with both arch flattening and inward foot tilt
Treatment
Treatment for flat feet varies based on the type, severity, and presence of symptoms. Many people with flat feet need no treatment if they’re not experiencing problems.
Non-Surgical Treatments : Most people with symptomatic flat feet find relief through conservative methods:
- Orthotic devices: Custom-made or over-the-counter arch supports that redistribute pressure and provide crucial arch support
- Supportive footwear: Shoes with good arch support, cushioning, and heel stability
- Rest and pain management: Taking breaks from aggravating activities, applying ice, and using over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications
- Exercises for flat feet: Targeted stretching and strengthening routines
- Physical therapy: Professional guidance for improving foot function and posture
- Therapeutic massage: Self-massage techniques using tennis balls or massage tools
Surgical Treatment : Surgery is rarely needed and only considered for severe cases that don’t respond to conservative treatment. Procedures may include:
- Soft tissue repairs like tendon reconstruction
- Bone-realigning operations
- Joint fusion procedures
Surgery in children is typically reserved for rigid flat feet and usually not performed until adolescence.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is crucial for managing flat feet symptoms and preventing worsening. The focus is on strengthening arch-supporting muscles and improving flexibility.
Key rehabilitation exercises include:
- Calf stretches: Help relieve tight muscles that contribute to flat feet
- Heel raises: Strengthen calf muscles and intrinsic foot muscles vital for arch support
- Arch strengthening exercises: Engage small foot muscles to actively lift and support the arch
- Towel curls: Use toes to scrunch a towel, strengthening toe flexors and bottom foot muscles
- Toe raises: Improve strength and control in intrinsic foot muscles
- Ball rolls: Rolling a tennis or golf ball under the arch provides therapeutic massage
Working with a physical therapist is highly beneficial. They can design personalized programs, monitor progress, and provide insights into how foot mechanics affect your entire body.
Improvements typically take several weeks of consistent effort. Even as symptoms improve, continuing these exercises helps maintain foot health long-term.
Complications
Untreated or poorly managed flat feet can lead to complications extending beyond the foot itself:
Joint and Muscle Problems:
- Chronic pain in knees, hips, and lower back
- Plantar fasciitis (heel pain)
- Achilles tendinitis (tendon inflammation)
- Increased arthritis risk in foot and ankle joints
Foot Deformities:
- Bunions, corns, and calluses from abnormal pressure
- Posture and walking problems
- Ankle instability and increased sprain risk
- Shin splints from overpronation
Functional Issues:
- Balance problems and increased fall risk
- Difficulty with daily activities
- Repetitive strain injuries throughout lower limbs
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent these complications and maintain healthy, functional feet.
Prevention
While genetic factors can’t be prevented, several strategies help prevent flat feet from worsening:
- Strengthen foot muscles: Regular exercises targeting intrinsic foot muscles and calves
- Wear supportive shoes: Choose footwear with proper arch support and cushioning
- Maintain healthy weight: Reduce stress on foot arches by maintaining appropriate body weight
- Regular stretching: Keep feet flexible and reduce stiffness
- Choose low-impact activities: Swimming, cycling, or elliptical training over high-impact sports
- Manage health conditions: Proper control of diabetes, arthritis, and other conditions
- Follow medical recommendations: Use prescribed orthotic devices and follow professional advice
Incorporating these habits into daily routine helps maintain foot health and prevents condition progression.
Living With Flat Feet
Most people with flat feet live normal, active lives. For those experiencing symptoms, effective management strategies can significantly improve quality of life:
Daily Management:
- Make supportive shoes with good arch support a wardrobe staple
- Consistently use recommended orthotic devices or inserts
- Incorporate exercises for flat feet into regular routine
- Pay attention to how feet feel during and after activities
Activity Modifications:
- Consider low-impact alternatives if high-impact sports worsen symptoms
- Listen to your body and rest when experiencing increased pain
- Make conscious adjustments to posture and movement throughout the day
When to Seek Help: Don’t ignore worsening symptoms. Consult an orthopedist or podiatrist if you experience:
- Persistent or worsening pain
- Increased stiffness or difficulty walking
- Sudden arch collapse in adulthood
With proper diagnosis and consistent management, most people with flat feet can maintain active, comfortable lifestyles.
Key Takeaways
- Flat feet (pes planus) is a common condition where foot arches are low or absent, often harmless but sometimes causing significant pain
- Symptoms include foot pain, leg cramps, gait changes, and pain radiating to other body parts
- Causes range from genetics to acquired conditions like injuries, obesity, and tendon dysfunction
- Diagnosis involves physical examination and may include imaging tests to assess underlying structures
- Treatment is primarily non-surgical, including orthotic devices, supportive shoes, and targeted exercises
- Rehabilitation focuses on strengthening and flexibility through specific foot and calf exercises
- Complications can include chronic joint pain, secondary conditions, and posture problems
At Sancheti Hospital, we understand that flat feet can significantly impact your quality of life when symptoms develop. Our team of experienced orthopedic specialists and podiatrists provides comprehensive care for patients with flat feet and other foot conditions.
We offer thorough diagnostic evaluations using advanced imaging technology, personalized treatment plans ranging from conservative management to surgical intervention when necessary, and specialized rehabilitation programs.
Our multidisciplinary approach ensures that each patient receives tailored care addressing not just the foot condition but also its impact on overall mobility and well-being.
Whether you’re dealing with fallen arches, foot pain, or related complications, Sancheti Hospital is committed to helping you achieve optimal foot health and return to an active lifestyle.
Meet Our Foot and Ankle Specialists
Patient Stories & Experiences
The pain in my left knee left me feeling helpless for years. After my treatment here, I can finally say I'm pain-free.
Vinita Singh
The nerves were swollen, and the body went numb. But thanks to Sancheti Hospital, I got a second life!
Parvati
I finally could walk again, a relief I've only felt after the hip pain surgery. I thank the doctors at Sancheti Hospital for their help.
Balaji Kharat
I'm a police officer, and I'm extremely thankful to Sancheti Hospital for treating my fracture without surgery.
Shantilal
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Kalpana Lepcha
The knee pain I've carried for years finally went away with the help of Sancheti Hospital.
Karuna
I can't believe that I get to finally live a normal and happy life, all thanks to the knee surgery I had at Sancheti Hospital.
Kishore Bhosle
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I run or play sports with flat feet?
Yes, many athletes with flat feet perform well in sports. The key is wearing proper motion-control shoes and using custom orthotics if needed. Start gradually and listen to your body.
Will my flat feet get worse as I age?
Flat feet may worsen over time due to weakening tendons and ligaments. However, regular foot exercises and maintaining a healthy weight can help slow progression significantly.
Can flat feet cause back pain?
Yes, flat feet can contribute to back pain by affecting your walking pattern and body alignment. The altered mechanics can create a chain reaction affecting your knees, hips, and lower back.
Is it normal for children to have flat feet?
All children under 6 years old naturally have flat feet because their arches haven’t developed yet. Most children develop normal arches by age 10, so early intervention is rarely needed.
